History of Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering beginnings can be traced from several different sources. Frederick Winslow Taylor is often defined as the Father of Industrial Engineering and despite all his ideas are not original. Some of the earlier treatise may have influenced the development of Industrial Engineering as the treatise The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith, published in 1776; Essay on Population by Thomas Malthus published in 1798; Principles of Political Economy and Taxation by David Ricardo, published in 1817; and Principles of Political Economy by John Stuart Mill, published in 1848. The results of this work inspired the Classical Liberal understand explanations about the success and limitations of the Industrial Revolution. Economist Adam Smith is famous in his day. "Economic Science" is the phrase to describe this field in England before the industrialization of America emerged.

Another important and inspiring contribution is Charles W. Taylor Babbage. Babbage is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. One important contribution is the book called On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers in 1832 to discuss many topics related to manufacturing. Babbage discussed the idea of ​​Learning Curves (Learning Curve), the division of tasks and how the learning process is affected, and studied the effect of an increase in waste. He was also very interested in the method of setting waste. Charles Babbage was the first to suggest building a mechanical computer. He called it "analytical calculating machine", for the purpose of solving complex mathematical problems.

In the United States during the late 19th century developments have occurred that affect the formation of Industrial Engineering. Henry R. Towne stressed the economic aspect of the work of engineers that is how an engineer would increase corporate profits? Towne later became a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) as do some of his predecessors in the field of Industrial Engineering. Towne stressed the need to develop a field that focuses on manufactur system. In Industrial Engineering Handbook says that "ASME is a breeding ground for Industrial Engineering". Towne along with Fredrick A. Halsey worked to develop and describe a work plan to reduce waste to the ASME. Recana goal is to improve the productivity of workers without negatively affecting production costs. This plan also recommends that some gains can be distributed to workers in the form of incentives.

Henry L. Gantt (also a member of ASME) emphasized the importance of employee selection and training. He, like Towne and Halsey, papers presented on topics such as cost, employee selection, training, incentive schemes, and work scheduling. He is the creator of a Gantt chart (Gantt chart), which is now a very popular chart used in scheduling the work. Until now Gantt chart used in the field of statistics to make accurate predictions. Other diagram types have been developed for scheduling purposes such as Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Mapping (CPM).

History of Industrial Engineering is not complete without mention of Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor is probably the pioneer of Industrial Engineering of the most famous. He presented the idea of ​​organizing work by using management to all members of ASME. He coined the term "Scientific Management" to describe the methods which he built through empirical studies. Activities, like the others, covering such topics as the organization of work with management, employee selection, training, and additional compensation for all individuals who meet the standards that made the company. Scientific Management has a great effect on the Industrial Revolution, both in America and in countries outside the U.S..

Gilbreth family is recognized to be a development of the Time and Motion Study (Time and Motion Studies). Frank Bunker Gilbreth and his wife Dr. Lillian M. Gilbreth conduct research on the understanding of fatigue (Fatigue), Skill Development, Studies Motion (Motion Studies), and Study Time (Time Studies). Lillian Gilbreth gelasr own a Ph.D. in the field of psychology who helped in the understanding of human problems. Gilbreth family believes that there is one best way ("one best way") to do the job. One of them thought that significant movement is a basic human classification into 17 types, where there is movement there is effective and ineffective. They named it Therbligs Classification Table (reverse spelling of the word Gilbreth). Gilbreth concluded that the time to complete an effective movement (effective therblig) is shorter but it is difficult to be reduced, and vice versa with non-effective therbligs. Gilbreth claimed that any form of work can be broken down into simpler forms of employment.

When the United States entered World War II the government enlisted scientist to study the planning, production methods, and logistics in the war. These scientists developed a number of techniques for modeling and predicting the optimal solution. Furthermore, when this information was uncovered. Operation Research was born. Many research results are still very theoretical and understanding how to use it in the real world does not exist. This is what causes the gap between the Operation Research (OR) and the engineering profession is too wide. only a few companies swiftly develop Operation Research departments and capitalize.
In 1948 a new community, the American Institute for Industrial Engineers (AIIE), opened for the first time. At this time the Industrial Engineering really do not have a place that specialized in corporate structure. During the 1960s and afterward, some universities began to adopt the techniques of operations research and add it to the Industrial Engineering curriculum. Now for the first time in Industrial Engineering methods rely upon a foundation of analysis, including other previous empirical method. New development of the mathematical optimization as new methods of statistical analysis to help fill the empty hole in Industrial Engineering with a theoretical approach.

Then, the problem of Industrial Engineering became so large and complex and is currently developing a digital computer. With digital computers and the ability to store large amounts of data, engineers of Industrial Engineering has a new tool to calculate a large problem rapidly. Previous computing on a monthly and even weekly consuming system, but with computers and the development of sub-programs "sub-routines", the calculation can be done in minutes and can easily be repeated on a new criterion problem. With the ability to store data, the results of calculations on the previous system can be stored and compared with new information. These data make the Industrial Engineering be a powerful way of studying the system of production and reaskinya when changes occur.

In Indonesia

History of Engineering Industry in Indonesia at the start of ITB Bandung Institute of Technology campus. The history of the establishment of Industrial Engineering at ITB education is inseparable from the conditions of practice in five undergraduate engine-tens. At that time, the profession's degree Mechanical engineering is a continuation of the profession in the Dutch period, which is limited to the work of the operation and maintenance of machines or production facilities. Capital goods is fully imported, because in Indonesia there has been no engine factory.

At the University of Indonesia (www.ui.ac.id), science of Industrial Engineering has been introduced in the early seventies, and is a sub part of the science of Mechanical Engineering. Since June 30, 1998, diresmikanlah Department of Industrial Engineering (now the Department of Industrial Engineering) Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, the official website at http://www.ie.ui.ac.id/

If at that time, found relatively large workshops does the work for the design of steel construction such as those, among others, contained in Pasuruan city and Klaten, the job was still a part of the treatment for sugar mill machinery and farm product processing plant located in East Java and Central Java. Thus the design activities carried out by scholars of Mechanical Engineering at that time was still very limited in design and manufacture of spare parts are simply based on the examples of existing goods. Similar role for undergraduate Mechanical Engineering also occur in cement factories and in workshops railway.

At that time, in carrying out his profession as an undergraduate Mechanical Engineering with the task of machine operation and production facilities, the main challenge they face is how to keep the operation can be conducted smoothly and economically. So the focus of Mechanical Engineering undergraduate work at that time is loading the settings on the machines in order to become economically productive activities, and maintenance (maintenance) to maintain the condition that the machine is always ready to use.

At that time, a head of plant which is generally set in the rear-engine of education, and discipline is very strict in monitoring the condition of the engine. In the morning before the plant began operating, he tour the factory to check the machines to believe whether the means of production in a state saddled ready for a job.
This experience shows that the knowledge and design abilities are possessed by a graduate of Mechanical Engineering is not much utilized, but they just need a stock of knowledge management for the more able and better prepared in the management of a factory and large workshops.

Around the year 1955, it realized such experiences really need, so it came to the idea of ​​the need for additional tuition for students of Mechanical Engineering in the field of plant management.
In the same year, the Dutch left Indonesia since the crisis relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands, as a result, many factories which originally managed by the Dutch administrators, suddenly became a good vacuum of keadministrasian. This experience becomes an increasingly strong urge to continuously think about the idea of ​​alternative education in the educational field of expertise in Mechanical Engineering.
In early 1958, introduced several new courses in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, including: Corporate Science, Statistics, Production Engineering, Tata Calculate Cost and Economic Engineering. Since it began a new chapter in the education of Mechanical Engineering at ITB, the courses are optional began favored by students of Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering and Mining.

Meanwhile, in the years around 1963-1964 Mechanical Engineering Section has started to produce some degree by a qualified knowledge of production management / production techniques. Production Engineering is growing with increasing types of courses. Subjects such as: Technical Procedures, Dimensional Measurement, Machine Tools, Non Destructive Testing, Tools and Safety Assistant enrich sufficient knowledge of Production Engineering students.

In the year 1966 - 1967, lectures at the Technical Production is growing. The course is based on industrial engineering began much introduced. Man-machine system, the material is no longer just based on the scope of manufacturing knowledge, but on a broader scope of enterprise and the environment. In the meantime, it began to be taught in the Department of subjects: Personnel Management, Corporate Administration, Industrial Statistics, Factory Layout Design, Feasibility Study, Investigation Operations, Inventory Control Quality Statistics and Linear Programming. So in 1967, the name of Production Engineering was officially changed to the Industrial Engineering and still shelter under Section Mechanical Engineering ITB.
In the year 1968 - 1971, began upanya to build an independent Department of Industrial Engineering. The effort was realized on January 1, 1971.

source : wikipedia